Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Ali Fedotowsky and Roberto Martinez: Behind the Split


After meeting fiance Roberto Martinez on The Bachelorette, then experiencing an epic courtship, Ali Fedotowsky said she was ready to marry him, and quickly.

Fast forward a year and a half, and it's over.

The pair had a nice run by Bachelorette standards (18 months qualifies as a long-term relationship by any measure), but she broke up with Roberto last week.

Now, in People's new cover story, Ali explains why.

Ali F., Roberto M.

"I wouldn't be being truthful if I said this came out of nowhere," a tearful Fedotowsky said, reflecting on the rocky times she and Roberto endured of late.

"We definitely were having problems. But I always believed we could work it out."

Despite putting the brakes on their fast-tracked wedding plans last year, and then twice more postponing plans to walk down the aisle with Roberto, Ali says they did make a concerted effort to stay together and to weather the tough times.

In spite of that, their arguments continued, and worsened at that.

"We both realized we were unhappy more than we were happy," says Ali, in a candid take of a romance born on a show so often phony. "And we both deserved more"

[Photo: WENN.com]

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2011/11/ali-fedotowsky-and-roberto-martinez-behind-the-split/

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Suspect in missing woman case arrives in Miami (Providence Journal)

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Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/168194867?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Rick Perry, Sheriff Joe Arpaio Hold Conference Call with Iowa Voters (ABC News)

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App installed on millions of phones secretly records all activity (Digital Trends)

carrier-iq

Mobile users, beware: you???re being watched ??? constantly. An Android developer claims to have discovered an app that comes pre-installed on millions of Android, BlackBerry and Nokia handsets, that records all activity on the device. That includes calls, location, and every key pressed on the device.

The app, created by California-based software company Carrier IQ, is shown in a video posted to YouTube (see below) by developer Trevor Eckhard logging every key he pressed, in real time. The software even recorded Eckhard?s geographic location, when connected to Google via Wi-Fi ? not 3G ? even though he denied permission for Google to track his whereabouts. Calls aren?t safe, either.

?Every button you press in the dialer before you call,? Eckhard says on the video, ?it already gets sent off to the IQ application.?

According to Carrier IQ, the software is simply used to assess quality control, telling Wired that the app is for ?gathering information off the handset to understand the mobile-user experience, where phone calls are dropped, where signal quality is poor, why applications crash and battery life.?

The company also denied that the software transmits user data in real time.

?Our technology is not real time,? said Andrew Coward, Carrier IQ?s VP of marketing, in an interview last week. ?It?s not constantly reporting back. It?s gathering information up and is usually transmitted in small doses.?

So when Eckhard dubbed the software a ?rootkit? ? a term typically associated with trojans and other malware ? Carrier IQ threatened to wage a legal battle against Eckhard. The company quickly pulled off its dogs, however, after the Electronic Frontier Foundation came out in support of Eckhard?s claims. Carrier IQ also denies that its software records keystrokes ? a claim obviously refuted by Eckhard?s video.

The only way to rid your device of Carrier IQ?s invasive monitoring software is to completely wipe your device, and reinstall it with a new operating system.

This is, of course, not the first time we?ve learned about our mobile devices betraying our private data. But it doesn?t make it any less troublesome, this time around.

This article was originally posted on Digital Trends

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/personaltech/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/digitaltrends/20111130/tc_digitaltrends/appinstalledonmillionsofphonessecretlyrecordsallactivity

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Kris Humphries Source Calls BS on Kourtney & Kim Take New York Premiere


Over three million people tuned in for this week's season two premiere of Kourtney & Kim Take New York. Among them? Kris Humphries. And a friend tells Radar Online that the NBA free agent did not like what he witnessed.

"It's just not a true depiction about what was actually going on between Kim and Kris," the insider says.

For example, Kris did not just up and leave for Minnesota, as the episode implied.

Kim was "nagging Kris about working," this mole says. "There was nothing he could do about the NBA lockout. He was working out, and getting ready for the upcoming season, and he is a free agent. It was actually Kim's idea that Kris go back to Minnesota to train and give them some distance."

The lockout is now over, of course, and Kris is no longer sleeping just a few feet from a crying Mason Disick, whose play area was set up outside his bedroom in New York City because producers wanted it there.

"Kris is very excited to take on the next chapter of his life," another insider says. "He feels with the NBA returning, he can get back to his normal routine and away from the madness that has been the whole wedding disaster."

The drama now moves into NBA arenas, as fans wonder what they ought to chant at the power forward. Leading options include:

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2011/11/kris-humphries-source-calls-bs-on-kourtney-and-kim-take-new-york/

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Big Time Rush Have 'Matured' On Elevate

SUB'The songs ... are a better expression of who we are verses the first album, which was written for the TV show,' Nickelodeon stars say.
By Christina Garibaldi


Big Time Rush
Photo: MTV News

The boys of have found a whole new voice for their second album, Elevate. James Maslow, Logan Henderson, Carlos Pena and Kendall Schmidt worked tirelessly to put together an infectious pop album that will no doubt please fans of their hit Nickelodeon TV show, but could earn them some new followers as well.

"We spent almost a year creating it," Maslow recently told MTV News.

"Between the four of us, we wrote eight out of the 12 songs, and everything from the album artwork to the title and, most importantly, the songs really have matured and are a better expression of who we are verses the first album, which was written for the TV show."

For their second effort, Big Time Rush worked with some of the biggest producers in music, including Ryan Tedder, J.R. Rotem and former 'NSYNC member JC Chasez. Yet, they have a different 'NSYNC alum in mind for a dream collaboration: "[We] always talked about working with Justin Timberlake," Maslow revealed. Schmidt added, "We're huge fans of his music." Elevate has some stiff competition on the Billboard charts, including Rihanna's latest album, Talk That Talk, and Adele's 21.

"I don't care if we get to #1," Schmidt said. "The company that we are in is so incredible, to be considered with these people is an honor."

Maslow added, "Those are great artists, but I think we kinda stay in our own little world as well."

Big Time Rush are planning to hit the road in February for their "Better With U" Tour, their first in the U.S.

Share your review of Elevate in the comments!

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Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1675039/big-time-rush-elevate.jhtml

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Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Wandering wolf inspires hope and dread

This Aug. 4, 2010 photo provided by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife shows a male wolf from the Wenaha pack after being fitted with a radio collar in northeastern Oregon. A young male from the Imnaha pack has become a celebrity since striking out for a new territory in search of a mate in September. His position has been tracked by GPS transmissions from his collar, showing he zigzagged 730 miles to end up 320 miles from home. Lately he has been in the southern Cascade Range. (AP Photo/Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)

This Aug. 4, 2010 photo provided by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife shows a male wolf from the Wenaha pack after being fitted with a radio collar in northeastern Oregon. A young male from the Imnaha pack has become a celebrity since striking out for a new territory in search of a mate in September. His position has been tracked by GPS transmissions from his collar, showing he zigzagged 730 miles to end up 320 miles from home. Lately he has been in the southern Cascade Range. (AP Photo/Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)

This Feb. 13, 2010 file photo provided by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife shows wolf coordinator Russ Morgan with a female wolf pup just fitted with a radio collar in northeastern Oregon. Another Oregon wolf, known as OR-7, has become a celebrity since zigzagging 730 miles across the state, his journey tracked by GPS transmissions, looking for a mate and a new territory. (AP Photo/Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)

This map image provided by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife shows the journey of a young wolf known as OR-7, which has become a celebrity by trekking 730 miles on a zigzag course across the state trying to find a mate and a new home. Meanwhile, back at home, his father and a sibling are under a death warrant for killing cattle. (AP Photo/Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)

This July 9, 2011 trail camera image provided by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife shows wolves from the Imnaha pack on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest in northeastern Oregon. A 2-year-old wolf from this pack has become a celebrity since blazing a trail across Oregon in search of a mate and a new territory. Meanwhile, the alpha male and a young wolf left behind are under a death warrant for killing cattle.(AP Photo/Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)

This June 19, 2010 trail camera image provided by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife shows a wolf from the Imnaha pack in northestern Oregon. A young male from this pack fitted with a collar transmitting GPS locations has become a celebrity while traveling some 730 miles across the state searching for a mate. (AP Photo/Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)

(AP) ? A young wolf from Oregon has become a media celebrity while looking for love, tracing a zigzag path that has carried him hundreds of miles nearly to California, while his alpha male sire and a sibling that stayed home near the Idaho border are under a death warrant for killing cattle.

Backcountry lodge owner Liz Parrish thinks she locked eyes with the wolf called OR-7 on the edge of the meadow in front of her Crystalwood Lodge, on the western shore of Upper Klamath Lake, and hopes someday she will hear his howls coming out of the tall timber.

"I was stunned ? it was such a huge animal," said Parrish, who has seen her share of wolves while racing dog sleds in Alaska and Minnesota. "He just stopped and stared. I stopped and stared. We had a stare-down that seemed like a long time, but was probably just a few seconds.

"He just evaporated into the trees. I stayed there awhile, hoping he might come back. He didn't."

Cattle rancher Nathan Jackson has not seen or heard the wolf, and hopes he never does.

"In this country, we worked really hard to exterminate wolves 50 years ago or so, and there was a reason," said Jackson, who ranches on the other side of Upper Klamath Lake from Parrish's lodge.

"A lot of people who don't have a direct tie to the agricultural community tend to view wolves as majestic, beautiful creatures. They don't seem so majestic and beautiful when they are ripping apart calves and colts."

Last February, OR-7 was in a snowy canyon in northeastern Oregon, when a state biologist shot him with a tranquilizer dart from a helicopter, then fitted him with a tracking collar and blue ear tags. State biologists have been able to chart his journey from GPS positions transmitted from the collar. They show he has traveled 730 miles on his meandering route, getting as far as 320 miles from home. And each time he crosses a county line, OR-7 makes it into the newspapers and on TV news.

The conservation group Oregon Wild has begun a contest to give OR-7 a different name, hoping to make him too famous to be shot, either by a poacher, rancher or government hunter. One entry came from as far away as Finland. The first came from a little girl in OR-7's home territory of Wallowa County, who suggested "Whoseafraida."

OR-7 set out on his trek on Sept. 10, just before state wildlife officials issued a death warrant for members of his Imnaha pack for killing cattle. The kill order specifically mentions OR-7's father, the alpha male, and one younger wolf with no collar. Since OR-7 and two siblings took off, that would leave his mother and one pup.

The department reports a government hunter had a shot but missed, and did not get another before conservation groups won a stay of the kill order while their legal challenge is settled by the Oregon Court of Appeals.

Wolves started moving into Oregon from Idaho in the late 1990s, from packs introduced into the Northern Rockies as part of a federal endangered species restoration program. From trail cameras, radio tracking collar data, and sightings, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife figures the state has at least 23 wolves. All four packs are in the northeastern corner of the state. Two produced pups this year.

Federal protection for wolves was lifted in Eastern Oregon, but they remain under state protection. West of Interstate 97 they are back under federal protection.

When wolves reach about 2 years old, they typically strike out on their own, looking for a mate and an empty territory they can call their own. And that's what OR-7 has done.

He's trekked across mountains, deserts and major highways from his pack's turf.

Once in the Cascade Range, OR-7 meandered through the Rogue-Umpqua Divide, where Oregon's last known wolf was shot by a bounty hunter in 1946. He skirted Crater Lake National Park, and dropped down to the flatlands near Upper Klamath Lake, climbed back up in the Cascades, and crossed over the crest south of Mount McLaughlin, a snow-capped volcano visible from Interstate 5.

So far there have been no reports of cattle killing along his path.

Russ Morgan, the wolf coordinator for the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, has been surprised by the way the public has embraced the wandering wolf. Much of Morgan's time is spent on a more difficult task, trying to build acceptance among ranchers.

"With all that's going on right now with management of wolves in Oregon, this is kind of a different side that people across the state have taken a shine to," Morgan said.

OR-7's travels are not unusual, said Ed Bangs, the retired U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wolf coordinator for the Northern Rockies. A female from Montana headed south through Wyoming, crossed southeastern Idaho, dropped down to Utah, crossed northern Colorado, and headed back up to Wyoming, where she ate poison and died.

"If you connect all the dots, she walked something like 3,000 miles," said Bangs. "Wolves are amazing travelers.'"

And patient. One male hung out four years in Idaho, howling and leaving scent markers, before a female found him, Bangs said. They established a pack, and the male lived to the near-record age of 13 before lying down and dying next to a dead elk.

Bangs said most of the wanderers become biological dead ends, but even if OR-7 dies alone, the trail of scent posts he has left will be followed by others.

And OR-7 already may have company. Tracks and sightings from last winter indicated other wolves made it to the Cascades. Parrish spotted a track last May in a muddy area of her meadow.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2011-11-28-US-Lonesome-Wolf/id-71760b0032ce4de8bf1499757f9b3953

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UN warns 25 pct of world land highly degraded

ROME (AP) ? The United Nations has completed the first-ever global assessment of the state of the planet's land resources, finding in a report Monday that a quarter of all land is highly degraded and warning the trend must be reversed if the world's growing population is to be fed.

The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that farmers will have to produce 70 percent more food by 2050 to meet the needs of the world's expected 9 billion-strong population. That amounts to 1 billion tons more wheat, rice and other cereals and 200 million more tons of beef and other livestock.

But as it is, most available land is already being farmed, and in ways that actually decrease its productivity through practices that lead to soil erosion and wasting of water.

That means that to meet the world's future food needs, a major "sustainable intensification" of agricultural productivity on existing farmland will be necessary, the FAO said in "State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture."

The report was released Monday, as delegates from around the world meet in Durban, South Africa, for a two-week U.N. climate change conference aimed at breaking the deadlock on how to curb emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

The report found that climate change coupled with poor farming practices had contributed to a decrease in productivity of the world's farmland following the boon years of the Green Revolution, when crop yields soared thanks to new technologies, pesticides and the introduction of high-yield crops.

Thanks to the Green Revolution, the world's cropland grew by just 12 percent between 1961 and 2009, but food productivity increased by 150 percent.

But the U.N. report found that rates of growth have been slowing down in many areas and today are only half of what they were at the peak of the Green Revolution.

It found that 25 percent of the world's land is now "highly degraded," with soil erosion, water degradation and biodiversity loss. Another eight percent is moderately degraded, while 36 percent is stable or slightly degraded and 10 percent is ranked as "improving."

The rest of the Earth's surface is either bare or covered by inland water bodies.

Some examples of areas at risk: Western Europe, where highly intensive agriculture has led to pollution of soil and aquifers and a resulting loss of biodiversity; In the highlands of the Himalayas, the Andes, the Ethiopian plateau and southern Africa, soil erosion has been coupled with an increase intensity of floods; In southeast and eastern Asia's rice-based food systems, land has been abandoned thanks in part to a loss of the cultural value of it.

The report found that water around the world is becoming ever more scarce and salinated, while groundwater is becoming more polluted by agricultural runoff and other toxins.

In order to meet the world's water needs in 2050, more efficient irrigation will necessary since currently most irrigation systems perform well below their capacity, FAO said.

The agency called for new farming practices like integrated irrigation and fish-farm systems to meet those demands, as well as overall investment in agricultural development.

The price tag deemed necessary for investments through 2050: $1 trillion in irrigation water management alone for developing countries, with another $160 billion for soil conservation and flood control.

___

Online:

www.fao.org

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2011-11-28-EU-UN-Food-and-Water/id-0dbfea9668b54a049535000548d34e27

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Daily Crunch: Buggy Bumper

1484Here are some of yesterday’s stories on TechCrunch Gadgets: Japanese Company Shows Robot Co-Working With Humans (Video) The 4Moms Origami: Look At This Robotic Stroller! Look At It! Show Off Your iPhone?s Guts With iFixit?s Cyber Monday Deal eBay Sold Four iPad 2s Per Minute This Cyber Monday Morning Cyber Monday Gadget Guide

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/H_92fXKnckw/

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Beckham, Galaxy in possible farewell tour

By JOHN DUERDEN

updated 1:35 a.m. ET Nov. 29, 2011

SEOUL, South Korea - David Beckham will make what may be a farewell tour with the Los Angeles Galaxy over the coming week in a trio of Asian games that have spawned local discussion about ticket prices.

The Galaxy will play an Indonesian Select XI in Jakarta on Wednesday, followed by a meeting with the Philippines national team in Manila on Dec. 3, then a game against Australian club Melbourne Victory three days later.

Beckham is contractually obliged to appear in all three, and they may be his last appearances in a Galaxy shirt, with speculation about a move back to Europe.

The cost of tickets for the upcoming games had raised eyebrows in local markets, with fears they will be out of reach for poorer fans.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Overshadowed

The death of Wales manager Scott Speed cast a shadow over the English Premier League games on Sunday.

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/45472668/ns/sports-soccer/

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Divergent views signal tough climate talks ahead (AP)

DURBAN, South Africa ? With heat-trapping carbon at record levels in the atmosphere, U.N. climate negotiations opened Monday with pressure building to salvage the only treaty limiting greenhouse gas emissions.

The U.S., Europe and the developing countries laid out diverging positions at the outset, signaling tough talks ahead even as South African President Jacob Zuma called for national interests to be laid aside "for a common good and benefit of all humanity."

As if to illustrate the effects of global warming, a fierce storm on the eve of the talks flooded shack settlements and killed at least five people in the port city hosting the international gathering. In a statement, municipal officials said the toll could go as high as 10, based on unconfirmed reports. The climate talks were not affected, though the roof of the sprawling center where the conference was being held was damaged.

Scientists say such unusual weather has become more frequent and will continue to happen more often as the Earth warms, although it is impossible to attribute any individual event to climate change.

The talks face a looming one-year deadline with the expiry next December of the commitment by 37 industrial countries to cut carbon emissions, as required under the Kyoto Protocol. At issue is whether those countries would accept another period of greater emission reductions.

As the talks opened, Canadian television reported that Ottawa will announce its formal withdraw from the Kyoto accord next month. Canada, joined by Japan and Russia, said last year it will not accept new commitments, but renouncing the accord would be another setback to the treaty concluded with much fanfare in 1997.

Canadian Environment Minister Peter Kent said he would neither confirm or deny the report.

"This isn't the day. This is not the time to make an announcement," he said.

"Countries are running away from the Kyoto Protocol," said Artur Runge-Metzker, the chief negotiator for the European Union.

Canada's withdrawal would not immediately affect the Durban talks, he said. But doubts about the Kyoto deal were one reason the EU was conditioning its acceptance of new commitments on an agreement in Durban from China, India and other major emitting countries that they will adopt legally binding commitments by 2015.

Developing countries say Kyoto is the only instrument that binds wealthy countries to specific targets.

The protocol was "the cornerstone of the climate regime, and its second commitment period is the essential priority for the success of the Durban conference," Chinese delegate Su Wei told the inaugural session.

U.S. chief delegate Jonathan Pershing said the United States, which shunned Kyoto as unfair, would accept legally binding emissions limits in the future as long as all major emitters took on equal legal obligations.

But the U.S. wants to know exactly what such an agreement would contain before it agreed to the principle of a legal treaty ? which would require the endorsement of two-thirds of the U.S. Senate.

"Putting the form of the action before the substance doesn't make a great deal of sense," Pershing told reporters.

Opposition in Congress, which includes outspoken climate skeptics and a Republican majority generally considered climate-unfriendly, has prompted a widespread belief that U.S. negotiators are foot-dragging on emissions issues.

Christiana Figueres, the U.N.'s top climate official, said Kyoto's future is "the defining issue of this conference." She said an extension of Kyoto targets is linked to pledges that developing countries must make to join the fight against climate change.

The task is daunting, she said, then she quoted anti-apartheid legend and former President Nelson Mandela: "It always seems impossible until it is done."

In his address opening the conference, Zuma said global warming already is causing suffering and conflict in Africa, from drought in Sudan and Somalia to flooding in South Africa.

"For most people in the developing world and Africa, climate change is a matter of life and death," said the South African leader.

Zuma said Sudan's drought is partly responsible for tribal wars there, and that drought and famine have driven people from their homes in Somalia. Floods along the South African coast have cost people their homes and jobs, he said.

"Change and solutions are always possible. In these talks, state parties will need to look beyond their national interests to find a global solution for a common good and benefit of all humanity."

One of the greatest threats of global warming is to food supplies.

In its first global assessment of the planet's resources, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization estimated that farmers will have to produce 70 percent more food by 2050 to meet the needs of the world's expected 9 billion-strong population.

But most available farmland is already being farmed, and in ways that decrease productivity through practices that lead to soil erosion and wasting of water, the FAO said in a report released Monday in Rome.

Climate change compounded problems caused by poor farming practices, it found. Adjusting to a changing world will require $1 trillion in irrigation water management alone for developing countries by 2015, the FAO said.

___

Associated Press writers Nicole Winfield in Rome and Rob Gillies in Toronto contributed to this report.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/africa/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111128/ap_on_bi_ge/af_climate_conference

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Monday, November 28, 2011

Sunday, November 27, 2011

CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Lung Cancer Also Affects Nonsmokers

Article date: November 15, 2011

By Stacy Simon
The American Cancer Society devotes a lot of resources to encouraging people to quit smoking, or even better, never to start at all. Especially this time of year when the Society marks the Great American Smokeout. There?s good reason for this: Tobacco accounts for 87% of lung cancer deaths and also increases risk for other cancers, as well as chronic diseases including heart disease and emphysema.
But even though it?s less common, some people who don?t smoke get lung cancer too. Every year, 16,000 to 24,000 Americans die of lung cancer even though they have never smoked. If lung cancer in ?never smokers? (defined by researchers as people who have smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) had its own category separate from lung cancer in smokers, it would rank among the top 10 fatal cancers in the United States.
Given the impact of the disease, lung cancer and tobacco control research both deserve more attention, according to Michael Thun, MD, American Cancer Society vice president of epidemiology and surveillance. Thun says a perception that patients contributed to their own illness by smoking harms both smokers and nonsmokers with lung cancer.

Causes of lung cancer in nonsmokers

Even so, researchers have made a lot of progress over the past decade in understanding what causes lung cancer and how to treat it. Thun recently gave a presentation at the World Conference on Lung Cancer in Amsterdam in which he listed the main causes of lung cancer besides smoking as secondhand smoke, exposure to radon gas, exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) at work, and air pollution.
Each year, an estimated 3,400 nonsmoking adults die of lung cancer as a result of breathing secondhand smoke. Laws that prohibit smoking in public places and create smoke-free environments have been effective in reducing this danger. ACS CAN, the nonprofit, nonpartisan advocacy affiliate of the American Cancer Society, is working to expand and strengthen these laws to further protect both smokers and nonsmokers from the dangers of secondhand smoke.
However, the leading cause of lung cancer in nonsmokers according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is exposure to radon gas. It accounts for about 20,000 deaths from lung cancer each year. Radon occurs naturally outdoors in harmless amounts, but sometimes becomes concentrated in homes built on soil with natural uranium deposits. Studies have found that the risk of lung cancer is higher in those who have lived for many years in a radon-contaminated house. Still, the lung cancer risk from radon is much lower than that from smoking.
For some people, the workplace is a source for exposure to carcinogens like asbestos and diesel exhaust. Such exposures tend to occur in jobs that are traditionally held by men. In addition, in an analysis published by the Public Library of Science Medicine, American Cancer Society researchers found that men who have never smoked have higher lung cancer death rates than women who never took up the habit. However, because there are more than twice as many women as men age 60 years and older who have never smoked, more nonsmoking women are affected by lung cancer.
While it?s long been known that both indoor and outdoor air pollution contribute to lung cancer, a recent study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine measured the fine particulate matter that contributes to lung cancer deaths in nonsmokers. Using data from a large American Cancer Society database, the researchers concluded that even tiny amounts of increased carcinogens in air pollution significantly increased the risk. The researchers also noted that in China, where many homes have coal-burning cooking stoves and poor ventilation, lung cancer rates are especially high among nonsmoking women.

Lowering lung cancer risk

Nonsmokers have already eliminated their greatest risk factor for lung cancer. Male smokers are about 23 times more likely and female smokers about 13 times more likely to get lung cancer.
Radon is a significant risk factor for lung cancer. Because radon gas can?t be seen or smelled, the only way to know whether it?s a problem in your home is to test for it. A Citizen?s Guide to Radon, produced by the EPA, explains how to test your home for radon easily and inexpensively, and what to do if your levels are too high.
Work-related exposure to asbestos and other cancer-causing materials has decreased in recent years, as the government and industry have taken steps to help protect workers. But the dangers are still present, and if you work around these agents, you should be careful to limit your exposure whenever possible.
A healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables may also help reduce your risk of lung cancer. Some evidence suggests that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may help protect against lung cancer in both smokers and nonsmokers. But any positive effect of fruits and vegetables on lung cancer risk would be much less than the increased risk from smoking.

Finding lung cancer early

Many people wonder about screening to find lung cancer early, when it?s at a stage that?s likely easier to treat. Screening for lung cancer with CT scans has recently been shown to lower the risk of lung cancer death among heavy smokers in a large study. But these tests carry risks, and for nonsmokers who have a low likelihood of developing lung cancer, the risks of complications from screening are higher than the chances of catching it early, so routine screening isn?t recommended. (Major organizations including the American Cancer Society are now reviewing recent evidence about the benefits and risks of screening in smokers to come up with recommendations for them.)

Advances in treatment

Researchers are learning more and more about what causes cells to become cancerous, and how lung cancer cells differ between nonsmokers and smokers. For example, an article published in Clinical Cancer Research explains that a particular kind of gene mutation is much more common in lung cancer in nonsmokers than smokers.
This mutation activates the gene for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a protein found on the surface of cells. It normally helps the cells to grow and divide. The mutation causes the gene to be turned on constantly, so the lung cancer cells have too much EGFR, which causes them to grow faster.
Knowing what causes the cell changes has helped researchers develop targeted therapies, drugs that specifically target these mutations. One example is a drug called erlotinib, which has been shown to help keep some lung tumors under control by blocking EGFR from signaling the cell to grow. This drug is much more likely to be helpful in nonsmokers with lung cancer than in smokers.
Authors of the article in Clinical Cancer Research are calling for more research into the genetic makeup of lung cancer in nonsmokers, in order to further define risk factors that contribute to lung cancer in nonsmokers, and to develop new therapies to treat the disease.
Reviewed by: Members of the ACS Medical Content Staff

ACS News Center stories are provided as a source of cancer-related news and are not intended to be used as press releases.
Citations: Lung Cancer Occurrence in Never-Smokers: An Analysis of 13 Cohorts and 22 Cancer Registry Studies. Published in the September 2008 issue of Public Library of Science Medicine (Volume 5, Issue 9). First author: Michael J. Thun, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Long-Term Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Lung Cancer in a Large Cohort of Never Smokers. Published on October 6, 2011 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. First author: Michelle C. Turner, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.
Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Molecular Profiles and Therapeutic Implications. Published online September 14, 2009 in Clinical Cancer Research. First author: Charles M. Rudin, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Lung Cancer Also Affects Nonsmokers

Source: http://elbiruniblogspotcom.blogspot.com/2011/11/lung-cancer-also-affects-nonsmokers.html

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